E-ISSN 2636-834X
 

Original Research 


The relationship between anxiety, depression, and dissociative symptoms on the basis of childhood traumas

Ahmet Gül, Hesna Gül, Nurper Erberk Özen, Salih Battal.

Abstract
Objective: Although several studies have shown that childhood traumas play an important role in the etiology and maintenance of depressive, anxiety, and dissociative disorders, little is known about the relative specificity of several types of childhood abuse and neglect.The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of specific childhood traumas on the relationship between depression, anxiety, and dissociative symptomatology.
Methods: Fifty female and fifty male patients with unipolar depression have been enrolled. All patients were administered sociodemographic data form, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES). Experiences of childhood abuse and neglect were assessed by Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ-28).
Results: Our results suggested that there were many similarity and gender-specific differences among the patients with traumatic experiences in terms of relationship between depression, anxiety, and dissociation symptoms. Firstly, female patients with childhood traumas have a moderate association between depression-anxiety and anxiety-dissociation symptoms whereas male patients have a high grade association between depression and dissociative symptoms directly. Secondly, in case of exposure of all abuse and neglect types, except emotional abuse, we found a positive association between depression and anxiety symptoms. Interestingly, except for emotional abuse, depression-dissociation relationship was evident in depressive patients with no maltreatment history. And finally, we found a positive relationship between anxiety and dissociation symptoms in all types of maltreatment exposure, except for sexual abuse.
Conclusions: Information about childhood trauma history and gender-specific differences among symptoms would additionally help to identify individual’s risk for depressive, anxiety or dissociative disorders and/ or predict response to treatment. Future studies should focus on prospective examinations of potential predictors and mediators in this area.

Key words: depression, anxiety, dissociation symptoms, symptom dimensions, relationship, childhood trauma


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Ahmet Gul, Hesna Gul, Nurper Erberk Ozen, Salih Battal. The relationship between anxiety, depression, and dissociative symptoms on the basis of childhood traumas. PBS. 2016; 6(3): 107-15. doi:10.5455/jmood.20160718070002


Web Style

Ahmet Gul, Hesna Gul, Nurper Erberk Ozen, Salih Battal. The relationship between anxiety, depression, and dissociative symptoms on the basis of childhood traumas. https://www.pbsciences.org/?mno=235170 [Access: December 15, 2023]. doi:10.5455/jmood.20160718070002


AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Ahmet Gul, Hesna Gul, Nurper Erberk Ozen, Salih Battal. The relationship between anxiety, depression, and dissociative symptoms on the basis of childhood traumas. PBS. 2016; 6(3): 107-15. doi:10.5455/jmood.20160718070002



Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Ahmet Gul, Hesna Gul, Nurper Erberk Ozen, Salih Battal. The relationship between anxiety, depression, and dissociative symptoms on the basis of childhood traumas. PBS. (2016), [cited December 15, 2023]; 6(3): 107-15. doi:10.5455/jmood.20160718070002



Harvard Style

Ahmet Gul, Hesna Gul, Nurper Erberk Ozen, Salih Battal (2016) The relationship between anxiety, depression, and dissociative symptoms on the basis of childhood traumas. PBS, 6 (3), 107-15. doi:10.5455/jmood.20160718070002



Turabian Style

Ahmet Gul, Hesna Gul, Nurper Erberk Ozen, Salih Battal. 2016. The relationship between anxiety, depression, and dissociative symptoms on the basis of childhood traumas. Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 6 (3), 107-15. doi:10.5455/jmood.20160718070002



Chicago Style

Ahmet Gul, Hesna Gul, Nurper Erberk Ozen, Salih Battal. "The relationship between anxiety, depression, and dissociative symptoms on the basis of childhood traumas." Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences 6 (2016), 107-15. doi:10.5455/jmood.20160718070002



MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Ahmet Gul, Hesna Gul, Nurper Erberk Ozen, Salih Battal. "The relationship between anxiety, depression, and dissociative symptoms on the basis of childhood traumas." Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences 6.3 (2016), 107-15. Print. doi:10.5455/jmood.20160718070002



APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Ahmet Gul, Hesna Gul, Nurper Erberk Ozen, Salih Battal (2016) The relationship between anxiety, depression, and dissociative symptoms on the basis of childhood traumas. Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 6 (3), 107-15. doi:10.5455/jmood.20160718070002